The art of pepaosan, an Indonesian tradition of singing and inter- preting religious texts, is widely represented as a Hindu form of ethical self- cultivation focused on the pursuit of divine guidance. However, while state programs to develop this art form promote an understanding of virtue that foregrounds interiority and personal responsibility, many pepaosan practi- tioners pursue a relational form of virtue-at once material and immaterial, aesthetic and ethical-that is the product of both human and divine agency. Through analysis of the ethical dimensions of pepaosan, this article considers how music may be implicated in the sociohistorical processes by which shared conceptions of self are constructed, circulated, sustained, and transformed.